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 Mask vs No Mask Lab Results - Do they work?
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DESCRIPTION:

Should you be wearing a mask? We tested how well they work. 

 

TRANSCRIPT: 

This episode is sponsored by Skillshare. I saw these images circulating around 

the internet that showed bacterial cultures growing in Petri dishes and claiming to

represent the effectiveness of masks in stopping or minimizing the spread of germs.

It was in relation to COVID-19 and whether or not we should all be wearing masks. 

So today we're gonna recreate this experiment and document it to see how accurate

it was and whether or not our mask results come out the same. Now we trace the

images back to the Twitter user, Dr. Rich Davis, love that very expensive name,

he is a director of a microbiology lab, so yes, his results seem VV legit, 

but we want to reproduce his demonstration on our own for a few reasons.

One, because it's an excuse to do some fun at home science, and maybe 

we'll have some new friends in quarantine, aka these bacterial cultures. 

Two we wanna see if our results will be consistent. Three, we really wanna test

homemade masks because the ones in the pictures look like surgical mask, 

but I feel like a lot of people just made their own at home, like these ones,

my mom made that are super cool. She just basically put two layers of cotton

fabric together and some elastics on them. Mom, you did an amazing job,

I feel like a science superhero walking down the street. 

So yeah, there's a whole bunch of them, should she start a line?

Now, just before we start, I know some of you might be screaming at your

screen saying, but Mitch Coronavirus is a virus, 

not a bacteria. And that's totally true, so let us explain why this experiment

is still relevant. Right now scientists believe that the main mechanism of 

transmission for SARS CoV-2 virus is through respiratory droplets. 

The virus doesn't just float around, it relies on moisture from an infected

person to trap. And given that bacteria from the mouth, nose and throat 

travel in the same way, while these dishes aren't gonna show us how 

much SARS CoV-2 virus is on them, it will show us the relative amount of

droplets. And these droplets by proxy are telling us how our germs spread, 

whether we're wearing a mask or not wearing a mask. As an added bonus,

I actually got some friends who work in a lab at the University of Toronto, 

who are also going to recreate this experiment with us at the same time, 

but under even more ideal conditions for the bacteria to grow, 

which we'll get to in a bit. Ultimately, all this is to test and figure

out how well masks work. Okay, so we are here with our agar plates,

I've got gloves on, these have been sterilized, we actually got them from 

our friend,Amanda who works in a lab who was able to prep these in a 

proper autoclave,and we've sterilized this countertop and we're trying to 

be super careful because we only wanna see what's actually coming out 

of my mouth. Hot. Hot. These are called LB plates. Basically it means that 

the agar that's in them is going to help the bacteria thrive. 

There's other kinds that help fungus thrive, but in this case, 

we wanna see the bacteria come up cause that's mostly what's gonna 

come out of my mouth. Once we had all the plates ready to go, 

we began the experiment.We held each plate around 1.5 feet away from 

the face and coughed twice on one, (coughs) sneezed twice on one, 

(sneezes) a fake sneeze had to suffice, 

talked for one minute to one. There's hydrogen and helium then lithium, 

beryllium.And sung for one minute to one. ¢Ü There's hydrogen and helium

then lithium,beryllium. ¢Ü Finally, we then repeated all of these activities 

with a mask on.(coughs then sneezes) This is the periodic table 

¢Ü The noble gas is stable ¢ÜNow that we have all our samples done,

we're gonna keep them in this room which is the warmest room in our

house, I'm literally like sweating right now. 

All the bacteria, eats up all that agar goodness and grows, and then we'll just

come back and check on them soon. One week later. Now because we don't 

have an incubator in our home, obviously, our samples will grow pretty slowly,

so I enlisted the help of some friends who work at the Molecular Genetics

Department at the University of Toronto who are going to duplicate this 

experiment under even more ideal conditions. Of course, 

because of COVID-19, we weren't allowed to go in the lab, so they're gonna

walk me through the important differences right now. At the lab, 

we've used Brucella Blood Agar plates. Brucella is a type of media and it's 

supplemented with sheep's blood, heme and vitamin K, and these

are additional nutrients that a lot of organisms in the microbiota need to grow. 

That won't necessarily change the result, it will just help to amplify any of the

bacteria that are actually coming out of me, right? Absolutely, we would expect

to see the exact same results at home as in the lab, except we might be 

seeing different species of bacteria growing on our home plates than we 

are in lab,and in the lab we're giving them a lot more nutrients and a lot more

conditions to help them grow even better. Also in the lab I know that or using

an incubator,why is an incubator useful and what does it actually do?

So we typically grow bacteria in a 37-degree incubator, and this is because 

our bodies hover around 37 degrees, assuming you have no fever.

And so any microbe that grows inside the body grow the best at 37 degrees.

What do we actually expect to grow on these plates and is any of it dangerous?

In general what you're going to see is just the commensal, normal everyday 

bacteria and fungi that you have within us.

And we need them, they provide us our nutrients, they help us digest our food,

they help protect us against other bacteria and fungi that are trying to cause us 

harm.Most of them are really helpful and also friendly. Yeah, they're our friends. 

That's really cute, it's nice to know that. One other big thing to remember is that

we actually can't see viruses growing on plates in a lab or even at home, 

and that's just because viruses are so small. So while this experiment is a great 

experiment at giving a snapshot of what could be in your droplets, this will not

include any kinds of viruses and it's not gonna include any types of bacteria 

or fungi that can't grow in the conditions we provided them in. 

So it's always gonna be an underestimation. This is the most important question, 

what will you be singing to your Petri dishes? I thought long and hard about this,

and I've decided to go with the classic karaoke song, Uptown Girls. Yes. 

Three days later. As if we ever would say it like that. (both laughing) Alright, 

so we are ready to look at our results,we have.. Say hello to our new little 

friends, to our roommates. Our plates have been growing for over a week, 

maybe almost two now.- I think it's two weeks now. Whereas the laboratory

plates are only gonna have been two days. All right, shall we start with 

coughing? The Petri dish for coughing,there's no colonies on the mask 

Petri dish and there's one big chunker chunker on the no-mask Petri dish.

And maybe another little one over there but yeah.

- Yeah, with the lab results, we see no bacterial cultures when coughing with 

a mask, and coughing without a mask, we see one sort of smacked up in the 

middle, really good aim. Coughing, we weren't sick, we had a dry cough. 

I remember while doing it being like, is on anything coming out? 

So the sneezing Petri dishes are where we saw the most difference. 

So again, the masked sneeze showed nothing on Petri dish, but the unmasked

sneeze is out absolutely covered.

There's probably, I don't know, 50 little colonies growing? Hmm. Wow, I mean, 

obviously this is why, even when there's not a global pandemic, you sneeze 

into your arm. Why when people sneeze on the subway you have a good reason

to be like, what? Cover your mouth. And it's just so much. I'm so surprised as

that nothing seemingly made it through on the masked one and yet so much made

it through without a mask. The lab results were also interesting, no cultures when

you had a mask on with sneezing, but then without the mask tons all over the plate.

The plates from talking, we see without a mask, there are about eight, there's 

quite a few colonies growing, with the mask, there are none. So I think this is really 

striking because talking is something that we are all doing. Lab results show talking

with the mask, no bacterial cultures and talking without a mask, a lot. Yeah, 

I know it's actually surprising, maybe almost as much as the sneezing in this case. 

This is why it's so important that you have a mask on. It probably depends 

how much enunciating we were doing. I was reading a study where they actually 

analyzed using computers and like lasers, how many droplets were coming out of

people's mouths as they spoke, and they got them to say stay healthy because

the T-H noise is known to create a lot of droplets. I think the T-H noise yeah.

So singing we're seeing nothing on the masked version, and we're actually 

seeing quite a few drops on the no mask.

Do not sing without a mask right now people. It's pretty, it's kind of staggering, 

there's probably six to eight colonies starting, some of them big. And this makes 

sense when you hear about how choirs were spreading COVID and how they've 

shut down Broadway for good reason. Finally, in the lab with singing nothing with 

the mask and a lot without a mask. So I'd be curious to see what would happen

if this had a full week like ours, it could probably cover the whole plate. 

So these plates are helping us to understand how much is coming out of us 

and the effectiveness of masks in stopping those droplets and not necessarily 

how effective the mask is in protecting you. So that's just something to take 

in mind. Yeah,wearing a mask is altruistic, it's about you protecting other people 

around you,which I think is kind of a beautiful thing. I'm wearing this mask for 

other people.For other people. And I also just wanna say that masks are 

potentially part of the solution, but they're not the whole solution. 

Yeah. - So, we should be very masks, we should be washing our hands, 

Physically distancing. Yeah. Isolating completely if you've ever been exposed.

And then obviously we're all hoping that vaccines and treatments come together.

And that is kind of like a holistic look at how we can all be working together to 

stop the spread of this virus. Now,if you love learning and trying new things then

you absolutely have to check out today's sponsor, Skillshare, who's giving the

first thousand of our subscribers a two-month free trial of premium membership 

where you can test out and push your creativity. Skillshare is an online learning

community with thousands of classes about music, film, creative writing, 

but they even have courses about sustainable living and environmentalism. 

Classes include a combination of video lessons and class projects, there's 

diverse skill levels for everyone, and they're very well-organized. Personally,

I love music and I've always wanted to get better at producing it in my own

home. So I actually took a correspond Ableton Live.It started with the first steps 

of digital music production, and it was actually a multi-part course so I got to 

dive in really deep into a program that I was new with and I feel like I have learned

so much from it. But there are a ton of options for you to check out with new 

ones being added regularly, all for $10 a month with an annual subscription. 

Skillshare is one of our favorite sponsors because it really embodies what 

we do at AsapSCIENCE, we are life-long learners,we're always trying to 

continue to learn and also use that knowledge for good in the world. 

So in order to support our channel and to learn something new,

please we encourage you to click the link in the description and go sign up.

And again, the first thousand signups get a two-month free trial, so why not

try it out? Thanks again for watching and supporting our videos through all these

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subscribe so you can see our next coming videos in the next few weeks or so.

Yeah we are YouTubers, we still have to say subscribe.

Anyway, we'll see you later, bye. 

 

QUESTIONS: 

1. Narrate what this video says about wearing masks? 

2. State the effects of wearing masks. How about not wearing masks? 

3. What¡¯s the best mask to wear to avoid the current coronavirus 

    we¡¯re getting right now?

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2020-07-31 ¿ÀÈÄ 1:58:08
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